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What does the pH scale measure?

  1. The thickness of a liquid.

  2. The temperature of a substance.

  3. The acidity and alkalinity of a substance.

  4. The viscosity of a liquid.

The correct answer is: The acidity and alkalinity of a substance.

The pH scale is a numerical scale that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. This scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, where lower values indicate an acidic substance, higher values indicate an alkaline (or basic) substance, and a pH of 7 is considered neutral. In the context of esthetics, understanding the pH level of products is crucial, as it affects the skin's barrier function, product efficacy, and overall skin health. For example, many skincare products are designed to work best at specific pH levels to ensure they do not disrupt the skin's natural acidity or cause irritation. This knowledge directly impacts treatment choices and product recommendations in esthetic practices.