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What is the primary method for extracting essential oils from plant material without heat?

  1. Distillation

  2. Expression

  3. Infusion

  4. Concentration

The correct answer is: Expression

The primary method for extracting essential oils from plant material without the application of heat is through expression. This technique is commonly utilized for citrus fruits, where the oils are extracted from the outer rind. Expression involves mechanically pressing or grinding the plant material to release the oils, which are then collected. This method preserves the integrity and scent of the oil, as it does not involve heat, which can alter the chemical composition and aroma of the essential oils. In contrast, distillation typically involves heat and steam to extract oils, while infusion refers to steeping plant material in a solvent to obtain its properties over time. Concentration is a broader term that may involve various methods, including heat and pressure, to condense substances. Thus, expression stands out as the most suitable method when seeking to extract essential oils without the use of heat.